BonFIRE: A multi-cloud test facility for internet of services experimentation

BonFIRE offers a Future Internet, multi-site, cloud testbed, targeted at the Internet of Services community, that supports large scale testing of applications, services and systems over multiple, geographically distributed, heterogeneous cloud testbeds. The aim of BonFIRE is to provide an infrastructure that gives experimenters the ability to control and monitor the execution of their experiments to a degree that is not found in traditional cloud facilities. The BonFIRE architecture has been designed to support key functionalities such as: resource management; monitoring of virtual and physical infrastructure metrics; elasticity; single document experiment descriptions; and scheduling. As for January 2012 BonFIRE release 2 is operational, supporting seven pilot experiments. Future releases will enhance the offering, including the interconnecting with networking facilities to provide access to routers, switches and bandwidth-on-demand systems. BonFIRE will be open for general use late 2012

The impacts of the early outset of the COVID-19 pandemic on climate change research: implications for policy-making

Since January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has dominated the media and exercises pressure on governments worldwide. Apart from its effects on economies, education systems and societies, the pandemic has also influenced climate change research. This paper examines the extent to which COVID-19 has influenced climate change research worldwide during the first wave at the beginning of 2020 and how it is perceived to exploit it in the future. This study utilised an international survey involving those dedicated to climate change science and management research from Academia, Government, NGOs, and international agencies in 83 countries. The analysis of responses encompasses four independent variables: Institutions, Regions, Scientific Areas, and the level of economic development represented by the Human Development Index (HDI). Results show that: (1) COVID-19 modified the way the surveyed researchers work, (2) there are indicators that COVID-19 has already influenced the direction of climate change and adaptation policy implementation, and (3) respondents perceived (explicitly concerning the COVID-19 lockdowns of March-April 2020), that the pandemic has drawn attention away from climate policy. COVID- 19 has influenced the agenda of climate change research for more than half of the respondents and is likely to continue in the future, suggesting that the impacts on their research will still be felt for many years. The paper concludes by outlining critical implications for policy-making

Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine

The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic. \ua9 2017 American Chemical Society

A Europe-South America network for climate change assessment and impact studies

International audienceThe goal of the CLARIS project was to build an integrated European-South American network dedicated to promote common research strategies to observe and predict climate changes and their consequent socio-economic impacts taking into account the climate and societal peculiarities of South America. Reaching that goal placed the present network as a privileged advisor to contribute to the design of adaptation strategies in a region strongly affected by and dependent on climate variability (e. g. agriculture, health, hydro-electricity). Building the CLARIS network required fulfilling the following three objectives: (1) The first objective of CLARIS was to set up and favour the technical transfer and expertise in earth system and regional climate modelling between Europe and South America together with the providing of a list of climate data (observed and simulated) required for model validations; (2) The second objective of CLARIS was to facilitate the exchange of observed and simulated climate data between the climate research groups and to create a South American high-quality climate database for studies in extreme events and long-term climate trends; (3) Finally, the third objective of CLARIS was to strengthen the communication between climate researchers and stakeholders, and to demonstrate the feasibility of using climate information in the decision-making process. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009

Annual Epidemiological Report: Measles and Rubella Surveillance in Spain, 2019

Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE). Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), CIBERESP. Plan Nacional de Eliminación del Sarampión y de la Rubeola. Informe anual 2019. Madrid, España.[ES] En España en 2019 el sarampión presentó el perfil de la fase post-eliminación: importado, casos en adultos y asociado a los entornos sanitarios. Se notificaron 287 casos de sarampión-incidencia 6,1 casos por millón de habitantes- ligeramente superior a la de años anteriores. La incidencia de rubeola fue extremadamente baja, solo tres casos confirmados incidencia de 0,06 casos por millón de habitantes. No se notificó ningún Síndrome de Rubeola Congénita. El sarampión ocurrió en personas no vacunadas –niños menores de un año y adultos mayores de 30 años. Se registraron casos en adultos que habían recibido dos dosis de vacuna, la última dosis una media de 10 años antes de contagiarse de sarampión. La falta de refuerzos naturales de la inmunidad por ausencia de circulación del virus en la población facilita la evanescencia de la inmunidad, particularmente evidente en las personas más expuestas, sobre todo trabajadores del ámbito sanitario. En 2019 el sarampión en España fue importado. Las importaciones llegaron de diferentes zonas del mundo, pero sobre todo de países europeos que estaban registrando brotes y epidemias sostenidas de sarampión. El sarampión tuvo escasa difusión en la población generando brotes de pequeño tamaño <10 casos; solo dos brotes registraron en torno a los 100 casos y en estos la transmisión en el entorno sanitario mantuvo la circulación del sarampión. Se notificaron tres casos de rubeola en personas no vacunadas que se contagiaron en el seno de un brote importado -notificado a finales de 2018– ocurrido entre personas adultas que no habían nacido en España. El sistema de vigilancia es adecuado para investigar los casos sospechosos de sarampión o rubeola una vez que se notifican; sin embargo para mantener los estándares de calidad que requiere el proceso de verificación de la eliminación tienen que mejorarse la sensibilidad en la identificación de sospechas clínicas y la oportunidad de su notificación a los servicios de vigilancia epidemiológica. El sarampión sigue siendo una amenaza trasfronteriza y solo una fuerte inmunidad de la población evitará la aparición de epidemias. La rubeola es rara y ocurre en personas susceptibles nacidas fuera de España. Las claves para mantener interrumpida la transmisión del sarampión y rubeola en España: son: mantener altas coberturas con dos dosis de vacunación infantil, promover la vacunación oportunista de adultos, viajeros y personas nacidas en otros países y zonas del mundo, asegurar la inmunidad de los profesionales del ámbito sanitario, establecer medidas de aislamiento que reduzcan la transmisión en los entornos asistenciales y mantener la calidad del sistema de vigilancia y de los laboratorios. La pandemia de COVID-19 y las medidas de control establecidas han reducido drásticamente la importación y la transmisión de sarampión en España con los últimos casos notificados en marzo 2020. Algunas incertidumbres asociadas a la situación epidémica: las restricciones en la asistencia sanitaria durante las primeras semanas de confinamiento podrían haber afectado las coberturas de vacunación, particularmente con la segunda dosis de vacuna triple vírica. La sobrecarga generada en el sistema de salud podría afectar a la vigilancia, notificación e investigación de las sospechas de sarampión o rubeola. [EN] In Spain in 2019 measles presented the profile of the post-elimination phase: imported, cases in adults and transmission associated with health environments. 287 confirmed cases of measles were reported along the year 2019, incidence of 6.1 cases per million population - slightly higher than in previous years. The incidence of rubella was extremely low, with only three confirmed cases; the incidence was 0.06 cases per million population. None Congenital Rubella Syndrome was reported. Measles occured in unvaccinated persons - children under one year and adults over 30 years of age. Cases were reported in adults who had received two doses of vaccine, the last dose on average 10 years before getting measles. The lasted lack of virus circulation in the population reduces the natural booster of immunity and consequently facilitates the evanescence of immunity, what is is particularly evident in those most exposed, especially among health care workers. In 2019 measles in Spain was imported. Importations came from different areas of the world, mostly from some European countries experiencing sustained measles outbreaks and epidemics. In general measles spread little in the population generating small size outbreaks <10 cases; In the two outbreaks that recorded about 100 cases, transmission was documented in health care facilities and among health care workers, which likely sustained transmission longer. The surveillance system is adequate to investigate suspected cases of measles or rubella once they are reported,; however, in order to maintain the quality standards required by the WHO-Europe elimination verification process, the sensitivity in the identification of clinical suspicions and the timeliness of their notification to epidemiological surveillance services must be improved. Measles remains a transboundary threat and only strong immunity of the population will prevent epidemics. Rubella is rare and occurs in susceptible persons born outside Spain. The keys to maintaining interrupted transmission of measles and rubella in Spain are: maintaining high coverage with two doses of childhood vaccination, promoting opportunistic vaccination of adults, travelers and people born in other countries, ensuring the immunity of healthcare professionals, establishing isolation measures that reduce transmission in healthcare settings and maintaining the quality of the surveillance system and laboratories. The pandemic of COVID-19 and the control measures established have drastically reduced the importation and transmission of measles in Spain with the last cases reported in March 2020. Some uncertainties associated with the epidemic situation are: restrictions on health care during the first weeks of lockdown could have affected vaccination coverage, particularly with the second dose of MMR vaccine. The overload generated in the health system could affect surveillance, notification and investigation of suspected measles or rubella.1. Introducción. Planes de la OMS y su traslado a España. Estrategias para alcanzar la eliminación. 2. Evolución de las incidencia del sarampión y rubeola y las coberturas de vacunación. 3. Resultados de la vigilancia del sarampión y la rubeola en España, 2019. 4. Hospitalizaciones y complicaciones relacionadas con sarampión y rubeola. España, 2019. 5. Estudio de laboratorio de los casos sospechosos de sarampión y rubeola. España, 2019. 6. Brotes de sarampión y rubeola. España, 2019. 7. Sarampión en Europa y en el mundo, año 2019. 8. Clasificación de los casos sospechosos de sarampión y rubeola: incidencia y genotipos identificados en fase de post-eliminación. España 2013-2019. 9. Verificación de la eliminación del sarampión y la rubeola en OMS-Europa, 2019. 10. Informe Anual del Comité Regional para la Verificación (CRV) de la Eliminación del Sarampión y la Rubeola en OMS-Europa, 2018. 11. Indicadores de calidad de la vigilancia establecidos por la OMS-Europa, España, 2014-2019. 12. Conclusiones. ANEXO I. Modelo de notificación de los brotes de sarampión. Formato OMS-Europa.N